Vietnamese Music is highly diverse and combined with native and foreign influences. Vietnam has being greatly impacted by the Chinese musical tradition, as an essential part, along with Korea, Mongolia and Japan. The ancient Indochinese kingdom of Champa also had an effect upon Vietnamese music, because the Vietnamese court found it fascinating. Even though with these foreign influences, Vietnam has a unique musical tradition stemming from its native roots.
The most notable feature of Traditional Vietnamese music is that it is based on the Five Notes Scale, which is called "Ngũ Cung", meaning of Pentatonic. Instead of the scale of 7 notes: Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do, its 5 notes include: Hò Xự Xang Cống Liu.
Imperial Court Music
Nhã nhạc is the most popular type of imperial court music, mainly referring to the court music played from the Trần Dynasty to the very last Nguyễn Dynasty of Vietnam.
Classical music is also performed in honour of gods and scholars such as Confucius in temples.
These categories are defined as Nhã Nhạc ("elegant music", ritual and ceremonial music), Đại nhạc ("great music"), and Tiểu nhạc ("small music") that was chamber music for the entertainment of the king.
Chèo
Chèo is a form of generally satirical musical theatre. It is usually performed outdoors by semi-amateur touring groups, in a village square or the courtyard of a public building, although it is today increasingly also performed indoors and by professional performers.
Xẩm
Xẩm or Hát xẩm (Xẩm singing) is a type of Vietnamese folk music which was popular in the Northern region of Vietnam but is considered nowadays an endangered form of traditional music in Vietnam. In the dynastic time, xẩm was generally performed by blind artists who wandered from town to town and earned their living by singing in common place.
Hát chầu văn
Hát chầu văn or hát văn is a spiritual form of music used to invoke spirits during ceremonies. It is highly rhythmic and trance-oriented. Before 1986, the Vietnamese government repressed hát chầu văn and other forms of religious expression. It has since been revived by musicians.
Ca trù
Ca trù (also hát ả đào) is a popular folk music which is said to have begun with Ả Đào, a female singer who charmed the enemy with her voice. Most singers remain female, and the genre has been revived since the Communist government loosened its repression in the 1980s, when it was associated with prostitution.
Ca trù, which itself has many forms, is thought to have originated in the imperial palace, eventually moving predominantly into performances at communal houses for scholars and other members of the elite. It can be referred to as a geisha-type of entertainment where women, trained in music and poetry, entertained rich and powerful men.
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